Investigation into the Construction Response of Tunnels through Fault: Model Test

The fractured zone poses a significant risk to construction safety and structure durability in tunnel engineering. However, the effect of excavation methods has not been thoroughly investigated previous studies. This paper presents series 1:30 scale 3D model tests on fault tunnels under coupling different dip angles steps. We measured analyzed rock mass deformation lining stress explore influence by CD method. test results were verified numerical simulation using prototype parameters. Our show that steeper dips correspond greater radial pressure surrounding rock, both haunt positions changes more significantly than vault position, while side-wall position only slightly. Additionally, considerable can be observed positions, with relaxation range less 1.0 D. For each point second cycle, larger is case 75° cases when equals 45° 60°, respectively. biggest after mid-partition mantled form closed-loop structure. Overall, our findings provide valuable insights into response through faults highlight importance considering